Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Review - Article Example To ensure effectiveness in resolving these conflicts entails use of varied approaches that vary significantly with organizations. Conflict is a growing concern in numerous organizations globally. Based on Mayer and Louw’s article, conflict is part of a person; hence, it is a ubiquitous feature of professional and socio-cultural interaction (Mayer & Louw, 2012). In this article, authors have addressed its theme from other studies’ methodological approaches ranging from positivist to communal constructivist besides interpretative paradigms (Mayer & Louw, 2012). Hence, it permits for a comprehensive variety of research statistics. Conflict is termed as being part of human. Based on this study, currently researches concerning effective management of cross-cultural conflict have been on the rise for the decades both globally and at interdisciplinary level. These different perspectives include and not limited to sociology, psychology, anthropology, health and behavioral sciences as well as communication (Mayer & Louw, 2012). According to Mayer and Louw (2012), conflicts can affect decision-making process; output, creativity, lead to distress, employees’ distraction and relationships in working places besides individual effectiveness (Mayer & Louw, 2012). However, if well managed can bear benefits ranging from job satisfaction, stre ss discount to individual well-being of the involved parties especially in the working place (Mayer & Louw, 2012). In workplaces, effective management strategies encompass first diagnosing and analyzing of organizational conflict, and eventually devising effective intervention procedures or approaches to resolve it. The strategies used by the organizations include, analyzing types of impacts and conflict resolution style. Moreover, cooperation in organizations is among the main concepts in reducing conflicts in a

Electronic Contracts Essay Example for Free

Electronic Contracts Essay There are several long-term impact of electronic contracting on the nation’s business and some of these are the following: First of all, since the E-sign Federal Law â€Å"legitimizes business conducted by electronic means†, this means that the nation will produce more businesses than usual (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). This is because an electronic contract saves a considerable amount of time, as well as, effort (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Unlike in the traditional way, wherein individuals entering into a contract are obliged to meet with each other, negotiate with each other, agree with each other, etc before finally signing a document that legitimizes what they have discussed about with regards to business (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). In electronic contract, a document is sent for another party to read and agree upon, if he or she does then he or she signs it, then the other party, in case he or she agrees will also sign it (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Electronic contract is exceedingly easy and extremely convenient that is why the number of businesses is increased greatly which leads to a flourishing economy for the nation as well (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Second, the e-Sign Federal Law â€Å"continues the advancement of e-commerce†, which in turn, also plays a large role in the economy of the whole nation (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). It motivates individuals to transact their businesses online and make their services far more efficient by doing so (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). The fast and efficient service that e-commerce offers contribute largely in inspiring people to create a business of their own online which will not only bring in an additional income for themselves and their families but to the government as well (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Finally, â€Å"it establishes uniformity in intrastate, interstate, foreign commerce† which means that the hindrances and vagueness to well-organized/competent interstate â€Å"online transactions posed by different states’ laws† will be gone forever (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). This means that the flow of business transactions will be freely flowing because there will be no more differences in State laws to attend to (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). In case that other States have other laws with regards to e-commerce and electronic contracts, these will still be covered by this federal law technically referred to as â€Å"the Federal E-sign Law† (Zanger, 2000, n. p. ). Since uniformity is established through the aforementioned law, more individuals are more confident now with online transactions than before (Zanger, 2000, n. . ). What are the potential pitfalls you see with electronic contracting? An electronic contract entails an â€Å"electronic signature†, which is actually an â€Å"electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the electronic record† (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). The major problem here is that there are no rules or standards for electronic signatures (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. – 1633. 17, n. d. ). There should be only one kind of technology utilized for â€Å"an electronic signature to meet the functional equivalence standard because there are no built-in security of handwritten signatures, in ink, and tangible writing† (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). There should be â€Å"encryptions, access controls, as well as, date stamps† in order for it not to be easily tampered with (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). If there are no guiding principles on what comprises electronic signatures then fraud is most likely to occur (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ). Anybody can just sign an agreement however she/he wants it to be signed and he or she may just opt to get out of it by saying it not his or her electronic signature or he or she may just put another electronic signature that is not really associated with him or her for the purpose of being able to run away with it in case he or she needs to (California Codes Civil Code Section 1633. 1 – 1633. 17, n. d. ).

Conceptualizing Naval Helicopter Landing Gear Engineering Essay

Conceptualizing Naval Helicopter Landing Gear Engineering Essay The landing gear is an important part of an aircraft as far as the take-offs and landings are concerned. The landing gear mechanisms (or structures) are pretty simple in case of the commercial helicopter as compared to the commercial airplanes. But, that is not the case for the naval helicopters. Because of the not-so-friendly landing conditions, the naval helicopter must have sophisticated landing gear mechanism connected with its fuselage. The design of the landing gear mechanism for the naval helicopter should be such that the helicopter can land safely in aircraft carrier as well as in ground; also, the mechanism should not fail under the sea wave excitation, while in ground condition. b. Research on landing gear During the initial days of the human flying history, the flyers used to have the Skids as landing gears. The skids are still very much in use for commercial helicopters. But, for the airplanes and for the naval helicopters wheels are used mostly for the landing gears. The wheels are connected with the shock absorbers to form the landing gears. The landing gear, then, get connected with the fuselage in various fashions based upon the size of the aircraft. All the wheel based landing gears can broadly be categorized in three main categories: Conventional Tri-cycle Tandem Fig.1: Showing three basic types of wheel based landing gears Two front wheels and a rear tail wheel are used to form the conventional landing gear. The older aircrafts still have this type of landing gear. Ground handling is bit difficult here. The tri-cycle configurations has two (or multiple of two) wheels at rear and minimum of one nose wheel (s) at front. It gives better ground handling comfort and used widely for small sized aircrafts. On the basis of the wheel arrangements, different types of tri-cycle arrangements are possible (as shown below) Fig.2: Showing different types of Tri-Cycle configurations (as per Federal Aviation Administration nomenclature) The multiples of landing gears are placed in line to form a complex tandem landing gear system. Different combinations of tandem are possible (as shown below): Fig.3: Showing different types of Tandem configurations (as per Federal Aviation Administration nomenclature) c. Conceptualizing Naval helicopter Landing Gear After studying different types of available landing gears configurations, I have decided to develop the landing gear concept of Single wheel main gear with dual wheel nose gear configuration. It s a kind of tri-cycle configuration. Fig.4: Showing the rough landing gear concept I have decided to use only torsion spring as shock absorbing elements for the concept. d. Preliminary Design Calculations In order further developing the concept, I have used the following data: Total mass of the helicopter = 5126 Kg Sprung mass on each spring, m = 2563 Kg Distance between the front and rear gear = 5 m Distance between the two rear gears= 2m Normal landing: Vertical descent speed of the helicopter = 0.5 m/sec Vertical deck speed = 0 So, the relative speed between the deck and the helicopter, v =0. 5 m/sec=500 mm/sec So, the kinetic energy of the helicopter, KE = 0.5*m*v^2 = 320375000 kg-mm^2/sec^2 The energy stored in the torsion spring, SE= 0.5*k*r^2 =0.5*k Where, k= spring rate in N-mm/degree r=deformation of the spring =1 degree (assumed) Now, as KE = SE .eqn.1 So, k= 640750000 N-mm/Degree I will use this spring rate for rest of the two landing conditions to find out the deformations of the torsion springs. Hard landing: Vertical descent speed of the helicopter = 3 m/sec Vertical deck speed = -3 m/sec So, the relative speed between the deck and the helicopter, v =6 m/sec=6000 mm/sec K= 640750000 N-mm/degree So, by using the eqn.1: r= 12 degree Crush landing: Vertical descent speed of the helicopter = 15 m/sec Vertical deck speed = 0m/sec So, the relative speed between the deck and the helicopter, v =15 m/sec=15000 mm/sec K= 640750000 N-mm/degree So, by using the eqn.1: r= 30 degree So, I will start my ADAMS design with the values obtained from this hand calculation and gradually fine tune the values in order to meet the landing criteria. e. Converting the Conceptual Design to ADAMS Mechanisms I have used the MSC ADAMS software for preparing two landing gear mechanism design options out of the conceptual design and the hand calculations. The two design options differ in terms of heights. Parametric design advantage of the ADAMS software is utilized for creating the two design options. While creating the two mechanism design options, the following ADAMS options are utilized: Point : Points are used for creating basic locations of all the important elements of the design (like centre of the wheels etc.) Torus : Wheels of the landing gears are created using the torus option. Link : All the structural members (like top frame, axels etc) are created using this option. Box : This tool is used for creating the landing deck of the air craft carrier. Torsion Spring : This is for creating the front and rear torsion springs. Hinge Joint : This option is for creating all the revolute joints of the mechanism. Translational Joint : This option is used for creating the translational joints. Contact : The contacts between the wheels and the deck are created using this option. e.1. ADAMS Mechanism Option-1 The mechanism option-1 looks like below: Fig.5: Showing the ADAMS Mechanism option-1 Arrangement The points table for the mechanism option-1 looks like below: Fig.6: Showing the point table for the mechanism option-1 e.2. ADAMS Mechanism Option-2 The mechanism option-2 looks like below: Fig.7: Showing the ADAMS Mechanism option-2 Arrangement The points table for the mechanism option-2 looks like below: Fig.8: Showing the point table for the mechanism option-2 e.3. Selecting the Optimum ADAMS Landing Gear Mechanism The selection of the best design out of the two options is done by observing the acceleration values. The acceleration plots for the hard landing conditions (descent velocity of the helicopter = 3 m/sec and upward deck speed = 3m/sec) for both the concepts are shown below: Fig.9: Showing the hard landing condition acceleration plots for both the concepts The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for the design -2 is more than 50 m/sec2. The acceleration plots for the crush landing condition (descent velocity of the helicopter =15 m/sec and upward deck speed = 0 m/sec) for both the options are shown below: Fig.10: Showing the crush landing condition acceleration plots for both the concepts The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for the design option-2 is much higher in case of the crush landing condition. So, on the basis of the above two tests, it can be concluded that the design option-1 is better among the two options. Hence, I have selected the design option-1 for further analysis. f. Testing the Selected ADAMS mechanism (design option-1) Against the Specified Landing Conditions Normal Landing Condition: The acceleration plot for normal landing condition (descent velocity of the helicopter = 0.5 m/sec and upward deck speed = 0m/sec) for the design option-1 is shown below: Fig.11: Showing the normal landing condition acceleration plots for the Design Option-1 The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for normal landing condition for the design option-1 is 7.5 m/sec2. Hard Landing Condition: The acceleration plot for normal landing condition (descent velocity of the helicopter = 3 m/sec and upward deck speed = 3m/sec) for the design option-1 is shown below: Fig.12: Showing the hard landing condition acceleration plots for the Design Option-1 The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for hard landing condition for the design option-1 is 48.1 m/sec2. Crush Landing Condition: The acceleration plot for normal landing condition (descent velocity of the helicopter = 15 m/sec and upward deck speed = 0m/sec) for the design option-1 is shown below: Fig.13: Showing the crush landing condition acceleration plots for the Design Option-1 The above plot is showing that the maximum acceleration value for hard landing condition for the design option-1 is 119.6 m/sec2. g. Running the Vibration Analysis for the Selected ADAMS Mechanism The vibration analysis is performed for the Design option-1 using the ADAMS vibration plug-in. For simulating the sea wave oscillations, two acceleration actuators are used at front and the rear axles. One output channel is created at the COG of the top frame. The output channel is used for measuring the acceleration at the COG of the frame. Fig.14: Showing the Frequency Response Analysis plot for the Design Option-1 The pick of the above frequency response plot indicates the resonating frequency for the design option-1. So, the resonating frequency here is 64.5 Hz. h. Consolidated Results for Design Option-1 Parameters Values Maximum Normal Landing Acceleration (m/sec2) 7.5 Maximum Normal Landing Acceleration (m/sec2) 48.1 Maximum Normal Landing Acceleration (m/sec2) 119.6 Resonating Frequency (Hz) 64.5 i. Discussion Task-1: This task is covered in the section-c and section-d. Task-2: This task is covered in Section-f. Task-3: This task is covered in section-g. Task-4: This task is covered in section-e. j. Conclusion The ADAMS is a powerful tool for creating and testing a mechanism under specified conditions. The parametric feature of ADAMS helps creating different design iterations easier. The design option-1 passed all the landing conditions specified for the assignment. Also, the resonating frequency observed for the design option-1 is 64.5 Hz. k. References http://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/publications/orders/media/Construction_5300_7.pdf http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/flight14.htm http://www.helis.com/howflies/skids.php http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/M96SC.html

Thomas Jefferson Essays -- essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people’s ability to govern themselves. Through his political career, Thomas Jefferson advocated democratic principles and adhered to his liberal ideology. However, as a president he found it difficult to maintain these policies in the noisy arena of politics. Consequently, circumstances forced him to reverse himself in some degree on these concepts. When he was voted into the presidency, Jefferson devoted a major section of his inaugural address to the "’the essential principles of our government, and consequently those which ought to shape it’s administration’" (Cunningham). Here he reiterated his basic political principles and the leading policies that he had professed as a candidate, which he now restated as the guiding pillars of his administration. He began by affirming "’equal and exact justice to all his men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political.’" Next, Jefferson proclaimed, "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none." He then went on to affirm his commitment to the rights of the states and the preservation of the central government. Continuing to intermingle general principles and specific policies, that new president declared that he favored reliance for defense on a "militia rather than an army, a small navy" (Cunningham) and prosperity through "economy, the payment of debts, and the encouragement of agriculture and commerce as its handmaid." He also emphasized basic rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and impartially selected juries. "These principles," Jefferson concluded, "form the brightest constellation, which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation†¦ They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which we try the services of those we trust." Unfortunately for Jefferson, marinating this creed would not be easy during this period of history. Jefferson maintained his governing principles throughout the most part of his presidency.... ...elpless American ship was thereupon forced to surrender four of its men. One was a British deserter, but three were Americans. Many Americans wanted to go to war against Britain over this incident. However, Jefferson was determined to avoid war, feeling he could bring Britain to terms by applying economic pressure. In December 1807, the Congress passed the Embargo Act. American ships were forbidden to sail from American ports to any European port. Jefferson believed that England and France could not survive without American trade. However, he had greatly underestimated the effect of the embargo on the United States itself. All parts of the country were affected, especially the industrial and commercial North. In order to avoid war, Jefferson was forced to act against two of his principles by risking American commerce and terminating friendly relationships with other nations. Despite the unavoidable circumstances that caused his actions, Jefferson still proved to be one of the most valued presidents. His ideas, firmly established in the Declaration of Independence, are the foundation of modern society. Current politicians and citizens value many of his principles as well.

Othello Appeal To A Twenty First Century Audience

In my opinion Othello appeals to a twenty-first century audience due to his themes such as jealousy, deception, racism, manipulation, love and corrupt civilisation which is still relevant in today’s society. These themes are themes that are timeless which explore human nature which is unchanging which still develop and evolve around us. The twenty first century audience would find Othello appealing as the main themes such as racism, jealousy and manipulation are still very prevalent in today’s society.The main theme in the poem which we can still relate to century’s later is the theme of love, which is very prominent in Othello. Love makes the play ageless; as long as there are people on the earth love will always be surrounding us. Othello and Desdemona surrendered everything they had to be together. This resembles they modern day romance novel, play or movie. They did this even though they were aware it might result in serious conflict. Othello bids â€Å"fare well the plumed troops and the big wars that make ambition virtue!O, Farwell, Farwell the neighing steed and shrill trump, the spirit stirring drum, their piercing fife, the royal banner, and all quality, pride, pomp, and circumstances of glorious war! † He tells us he won Desdemona not by magic but by telling her of his battles. Therefore Othello affirms his triumphant success on love by his successful career as a soldier. In today’s society men look for success in a career and for a loving wife and this is what Othello achieves with Desdemona. A theme which is also very relevant in today’s society is one of racism.Othello suffered from this greatly in the play. Just as Othello suffered from this it has carried on through the years, up until 1968 when the black community were finally given rights. Othello was constantly referred to as â€Å"the moor† and â€Å"thick lips†. As this happens it shows a hypocritical society as they would have them prot ect their country but would find it shameful that he married Desdemona. Many felt this way when the first black president of the United States was elected. Iago supposedly Othello’s close friend tells brabantio that â€Å"’you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse†.He then paints Othello as a crude and animalistic being and insinuates that he is sexually corrupting his daughter the innocent Desdemona. As the play goes on iago continues to go on about the unnatural nature of the relationship between Desdemona and Othello. He tells roderigo the lust between them will not last long â€Å"It cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the moor – put money in thy purse- nor he his to her†. This is a recurring situation today. Our two races are being separated by what each fears of the other.

Free Essays on My Generation

My Generation There is a wide range of differences that have occurred from generation to generation. Most of them are issues between my parent’s generation and my generation, â€Å"Generation T.† The generation of today has seen many advancements in technology from palm pilots to the world of virtual reality. Technology has even gone as far as creating a robotic dog that behaves just like a real dog. Technology is not the only area that makes our generation different from any other. Our generation has also seen many changes in the style of living such as marriage, dating and even the responsibilities we take on. Marriage in past generation such as my parent’s generation was seen as more of a sacred ritual than it is today. Many couples back then married at a very young age and have maintained healthy marriages throughout their lives. My parents decided to get married after I was born; my mom was sixteen and my dad was 17. They have been married now for 20 years and have enjoyed every minute of it. In today’s generation people are not marrying as young but the divorce rate is higher than ever. Many married couples today get married for the wrong reasons or they decide to bail rather than work their problems out. Another difference between my generation and my parent’s generation is the dating guidelines. In the past it was unheard of for a girl or boy to hangout at each other’s houses. Kids had to sneak around and lie to their parents about where they were going and with whom they were hanging out. Today some parents allow their sons or daughters to sleep over their boyfriend or girlfriend’s house. Half of the parents today don’t even know where their children are at half the time. Finally, the responsibilities of today’s generation has decreased tremendously. In my parent’s generation young adults had to pay for their own expenses, clothing, and cars. Some young adults had to take care of their younger... Free Essays on My Generation Free Essays on My Generation My Generation My generation, Generation Y, people born between the mid 1980's to the mid 1990's, is a very different group of people compared to previous generations. My generation is a very corrupt and rebellious group that does not comply with previous generations’ social standards. Compared to previous generations, the people of my generation are looked at as rebels and punks. We are an independent, undisciplined, and inconsiderate group. People in my generation have totally lost the meaning of a relationship. There are many relationships that are disrupted due to a person cheating. Cheating is extremely common in my generation today. People my age usually do not care to be in a long term relationship, but to get with as many girls, or guys, as possible. I think that some are hesitant to start relationships due to the fact that they know they will not remain within the barriers of the relationship. Another factor to our failed relationships is unprotected sex. Many relationships are cut short due to a child being involved. People have premarital unprotected sex which results in broken relationships because a child is now involved. The boyfriend, either afraid or not wanting the responsibility of taking care of his child, leaves the girlfriend. This is a huge reason why so many premarital relationships fail. My generation is very reluctant to commitment, which is why the marriage rate has significantly dropped and the divorce rate has skyrocketed. In previous generations it was not as common to get a divorce. Today it seems as if every time you turn your head someone is getting a divorce. Some couples that have premarital sex and get pregnant get married for the child, but soon get divorced. This reason alone has affected the divorce rate greatly. Today, almost 50% of marriages result in a divorce. This number is huge compared to less than 10% from the 1940's to the 1960's and 20 % from the 1970's to late 1980's earl... Free Essays on My Generation My Generation There is a wide range of differences that have occurred from generation to generation. Most of them are issues between my parent’s generation and my generation, â€Å"Generation T.† The generation of today has seen many advancements in technology from palm pilots to the world of virtual reality. Technology has even gone as far as creating a robotic dog that behaves just like a real dog. Technology is not the only area that makes our generation different from any other. Our generation has also seen many changes in the style of living such as marriage, dating and even the responsibilities we take on. Marriage in past generation such as my parent’s generation was seen as more of a sacred ritual than it is today. Many couples back then married at a very young age and have maintained healthy marriages throughout their lives. My parents decided to get married after I was born; my mom was sixteen and my dad was 17. They have been married now for 20 years and have enjoyed every minute of it. In today’s generation people are not marrying as young but the divorce rate is higher than ever. Many married couples today get married for the wrong reasons or they decide to bail rather than work their problems out. Another difference between my generation and my parent’s generation is the dating guidelines. In the past it was unheard of for a girl or boy to hangout at each other’s houses. Kids had to sneak around and lie to their parents about where they were going and with whom they were hanging out. Today some parents allow their sons or daughters to sleep over their boyfriend or girlfriend’s house. Half of the parents today don’t even know where their children are at half the time. Finally, the responsibilities of today’s generation has decreased tremendously. In my parent’s generation young adults had to pay for their own expenses, clothing, and cars. Some young adults had to take care of their younger...